Реферат: Гигиена, задачи гигиены (RTF)

Iineianeay ainoaea?noaaiiay th?eaee/aneay aeaaeaiey

?aoa?ao ii oece/aneie eoeueoo?a ia oaio

Aeaeaia, caaea/e aeaeaiu

auiieiee nooaeaio

3-ae a?oiiu 1-ai eo?na

Caoa?ia Eaiieae Aiae?aaae/

Iineaa, 1998.

Aeaeaia iaoea i nio?aiaiee e oe?aieaiee caei?iauey

Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo ioee/ee /aeiaaea io aeeaioiuo yaeyaony oi, /oi
/aeiaae ia oieueei aaeaioe?oaony e naiui ?aciiia?aciui oneiaeyi n?aaeu,
ii e i?eniinaaeeaaao aa e naaa, aeoeaii aa i?aia?acoy. I?e yoii /aeiaaeo
iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue, /oi a ie?oaeathuae n?aaea, aoaeue oi anoanoaaiiay,
iaeciaiaiiay, eee i?aia?aciaaiiay ei n?aaea, iieacii aeey i?aaiecia, a
/oi a?aaeii, eaeea eciaiaiey n?aaeu aeaaii?eyoiu aeey caei?iauey e
iiaeaea?aeaiey aunieie ?aaioiniiniaiinoe, a eaeea iao. Eco/aieai anao
yoeo aii?inia caieiaaony iaoea, iieo/eaoay iacaaiea aeaeaiu. Aeaeaia (io
a?a/. hygieinoscaei?iaue) iaeanoue iaaeeoeeiu, eco/athuay aeeyiea
oneiaee aeecie e o?oaea ia caei?iauea /aeiaaea e ?ac?aaaouaathuay
ia?ii?eyoey ii i?ioeeaeoeea caaieaaaiee, iaania/aieth iioeiaeueiuo
oneiaee nouanoaiaaiey, nio?aiaieth caei?iauey e i?iaeeaieth aai aeecie.
I?ienoiaeaeaiea oa?ieia aeaeaia naycuaatho oaeaea n eiaiai ieoe/aneie
aiaeie caei?iauey Aeaeae, aei/a?e aiaa iaaeeoeeiu Yneoeaia.

Aeaeaia oanii naycaia n naieoa?eae. Naieoa?ey (io eao.
sanitascaei?iauea)oa?iei, oiio?aaeyaoeeny a iaaeeoeeia aei 60-o aiaeia
aeey iaicia/aiey io?anee cae?aaiio?aiaiey, niaea?aeaiea eioi?ie
ioaaouaaao ?ac?aaioeo e i?iaaaeaiea i?aeoe/aneeo naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneeo
e i?ioeaiyieaeaie/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee. A nia?aiaiiii iiieiaiee iao/iie
?ac?aaioeie iacaaiiuo auoa i?iaeai caieiaaony aeaeaia, a i?aaiecaoeeae e
i?iaaaeaieai naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneeo e i?ioeaiyieaeaie/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee
naieoa?ii-yieaeaieieiae/aneay neoaeaa.

Aiaoiyy n?aaea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eiiieaen ?aciiia?aciuo oaeoi?ia,
eioi?ua ii naiae i?e?iaea ?acaeaeytho ia o?e a?oiiu:

oece/aneea, oeie/aneea e aeieiae/aneea. E oece/aneei oaeoi?ai n?aaeu
ioiinyo oaiia?aoo?o, aeaaeiinoue e aeaeaeaiea aicaeooa; aoiinoa?iia
aeaaeaiea e aoiinoa?iia yeaeo?e/anoai; nieia/iia eceo/aiea e ae?. E
oeie/aneei oaeoi?ai ioiinyo ?acee/iua aauanoaa, yaeythueany iniiaie
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu (a ninoaaa aicaeooa, aiaeu, ii/au), eee eo i?eiane
(iai?eia?, a ?aciuo ianoiinoyo a aiaea e aicaeooa iiaoo niaea?aeaoueny
?acee/iua oeie/aneea niaaeeiaiey). E aeieiae/aneei oaeoi?ai n?aaeu
ioiinyo a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaoiaaiiua iee?iau, ae?onu, a?eaee.

Ii oa?aeoa?o aicaeaenoaey ia i?aaieci /aeiaaea oaeoi?u n?aaeu oaeaea
iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia o?e a?oiiu. Ia?aay a?oiia, aaconeiaii, a?aaeiua
eee aeaaea aoaeoaeueiua aeey caei?iauey oaeoi?u. E iei ioiinyo,
iai?eia?, aicaoaeeoaeae ?acee/iuo caaieaaaiee, yaeiaeoua aauanoaa,
iueue, niaea?aeauothny ai aaeuoaaiii aicaeooa, Aoi?ay a?oiia,
aaconeiaii, iieaciua oaeoi?u. I?eia? eo/enoue, naaaeee aicaeoo, aiaaoue
eenei?iaeii. O?aouey a?oiia oaeoi?u, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue e iieaciuie, e
a?aaeiuie, a caaeneiinoe io oiai, eae /aeiaae eo eniieuecoao. Iai?eia?,
nieia/iua eo/e iaiaoiaeeiu aeey ii?iaeueiiai ?acaeoey e
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecia, ii i?e iaoia?aiiii caai?aiee iie
i?eiinyo a?aae caei?iaueth.

A i?ioeanna i?aia?aciaaiey i?e?iaeu /aeiaaeii iiyaeythony iiaua oaeoi?u,
eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii naiaa?aiaiii ioeaieoue a ieaia eo aeeyiey ia
caei?iauea e au?aaioaoue niioaaonoaothuea i?aeoe/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee.
Eae ioia/atho o/aiua-aeaeaienou, iao ie iaeiie ianoiinoe e ie iaeiie
io?anee o?oaea, a eioi?uo a?aiaiii eee iinoiyiii ia ano?a/aeenue au
oaeoi?u, iaaeaaii?eyoii aeeythuea ia caei?iauea ethaeae. E a eaaeaeii
neo/aa aeaeaia ioeaieaaao i?e?iaeo oaeoi?a, noaiaiue a?aaeiinoe (eee
iieuecu) aai aicaeaenoaey ia i?aaiu eee eo nenoaiu, a oaeaea a?aiy,
/a?ac eioi?ia iiaeao i?iyaeoueny aeaaii?eyoiia eee iaaeaaii?eyoiia
aeaenoaea oaeoi?a. Aeaei a oii, /oi ai iiiaeo neo/ayo iaaeaaii?eyoiua
oaeoi?u ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu aeeytho ia /aeiaaea iacaiaoii aeey iaai.
Iaeiaei i?e aeeeoaeueiii aicaeaenoaee iie iinoaiaiii ineaaeytho
i?aaieci, oiaiueoatho onoie/eainoue /aeiaaea e aieaciyi, nieaeatho aai
?aaioiniiniaiinoue. A eiia/iii eoiaa /aeiaae i?aaeaeaa?aiaiii noa?aao e
oie?aao. Iiyoiio aac aeaeaiu a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaaiciiaeii iaieoenue i?e
?aoaiee ethaiai aii?ina ?acaeoey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, iaania/aiey
oneiaee o?oaea e auoa ethaeae. Aeaeaia au?aaaouaaao e iao/ii
iainiiauaaao eiie?aoiua ?aeiiaiaeaoeee.

Caaea/e aeaeaiu nicaeaiea iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee aeey
ii?iaeueiiai ?acaeoey i?aaiecia, aeey iieiiai ?anoeaaoa oece/aneeo e
aeooiaiuo nee /aeiaaea, aeey aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueiiai o?oaea. Aeey
yoiai iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau iaaeaaii?eyoiua oaeoi?u n?aaeu naiaa?aiaiii
ono?aiyeenue eee aea eo aeaenoaea iaeneiaeueii ineaaeyeinue, a iieaciua
oaeoi?u eniieueciaaeenue n iaeaieueoae iieiioie e yooaeoeaiinoueth.

Iniiaiuie caaea/aie nia?aiaiiie aeaeaiu yaeythony iao/iay ?ac?aaioea
iniia i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiiai e oaeouaai naieoa?iiai iaaeci?a, naieoa?iiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, iainiiaaiea aeaeaie/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia e
icaei?iaeaieth ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, oneiaee o?oaea e ioaeuoa, io?aia
caei?iauey aeaoae e iiae?inoeia, o/anoea a ?ac?aaioea aeaeaie/aneeo
iniia ?aoeeiiaeueiiai ieoaiey, a oaeaea naieoa?iay yenia?oeca ea/anoaa
ieuaauo i?iaeoeoia e i?aaeiaoia auoiaiai iaeoiaea. Ciaiea aeaeaiu
iaiaoiaeeii aeey i?aaeeueiiai ?aoaiey aii?inia ii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth
caaieaaaiee, iiauoaiey o?oaeiniiniaiinoe e nii?ioeaeyaiinoe i?aaiecia e
iaaeaaii?eyoiui aeeyieyi ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Iao/iie iniiaie aeaeaiu
neoaeeo ?ac?aaioea aeaeaie/aneeo ii?iaoeaiai?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiuo
eiioeaio?aoeee e o?iaiae, i?eaioe?iai/iuo aaciianiuo o?iaiae
aicaeaenoaey (IAeE, IAeO, IAOA e ae?.) aeey aicaeooa ianaeaiiuo iano e
i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, aiaeu, i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey, iaeaaeaeu e iaoae
n oeaeueth nicaeaiey iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee aeey nio?aiaiey
caei?iauey e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey caaieaaaiee, iaania/aiey aunieie
?aaioiniiniaiinoe e oaaee/aiey i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeecie.

Aeaeaia aeeth/aao a naay ?yae ?acaeaeia, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo ioaaouaaao
naiinoiyoaeueioth iaeanoue aeaeaie/aneie iaoee e i?aeoeee: eiiioiaeueiay
aeaeaia, aeaeaia o?oaea, aeaeaia aeaoae e iiae?inoeia, aeaeaia ieoaiey,
?aaeeaoeeiiiay aeaeaia e ae?.

Eiiioiaeueiay aeaeaia eco/aao aeeyiea ia i?aaieci i?e?iaeiuo e
nioeeaeueiuo oaeoi?ia a oneiaeyo ianaeaiiuo iano e ?ac?aaaouaaao
aeaeaie/aneea ii?iaoeau e ia?ii?eyoey aeey nicaeaiey iioeiaeueiuo
oneiaee i?iaeeaaiey. Aeeth/aao aeaeaio aicaeooa, aiaeu, aiaeiniaaaeaiey,
ii/au, aeeeeua e ae?.

Aeaeaia ieoaiey eco/aao aeeyiea ia i?aaieci ieuaauo ?aoeeiiia n
?acee/iui niaea?aeaieai ieoaoaeueiuo aauanoa, iio?aaiinoe i?aaiecia a eo
eiee/anoaa e iioeiaeueiia niioiioaiea a caaeneiinoe io oneiaee o?oaea e
auoa; ?ac?aaaouaaao ia?u i?ioeeaeoeee yeaiaioa?iuo caaieaaaiee.

Aeaeaia o?oaea eco/aao o?oaeiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea e
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth n?aaeo n oi/ee c?aiey eo aiciiaeiiai aeeyiey ia
i?aaieci, ?ac?aaaouaaao ia?u e aeaeaie/aneea ii?iaoeau, iai?aaeaiiua ia
icaei?iaeaiea oneiaee o?oaea e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiuo
aieaciae.

?aaeeaoeeiiiay aeaeaia eco/aao aeeyiea eiiece?othueo eceo/aiee ia
/aeiaaea e ?ac?aaaouaaao naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneea ia?u e ii?iaoeau ii
iaania/aieth ?aaeeaoeeiiiie aaciianiinoe eeoe, ?aaioathueo n enoi/ieeaie
eiiece?othuaai eceo/aiey e ?aaeeiaeoeaiuie aauanoaaie.

Aeaeaia aeaoae e iiae?inoeia eco/aao aeeyiea oaeoi?ia ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu ia i?aaieci aeaoae e ?ac?aaaouaaao aeaeaie/aneea o?aaiaaiey e
ii?iaoeau e ie?oaeathuae ?aaaiea n?aaea n oeaeueth nicaeaiey
aeaeaie/aneeo oneiaee aeecie, iaania/eaathueo iieiioeaiiia oece/aneia e
oinoaaiiia ?acaeoea aeaoae.

Iniaia ianoi caieiaao naiinoiyoaeueiay aeaeaie/aneay aeenoeeieeiaiauay
aeaeaia. Eae i?iiaaeaaoe/aneay aeenoeeieeia iauay aeaeaia ?ane?uaaao
iniiaiua iieiaeaiey o/aiey ia ie?oaeathuae n?aaea, caeiiiia?iinoyo
aeeyiey i?e?iaeiuo, auoiauo, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oaeoi?ia ia caei?iauea e
caaieaaaaiinoue ianaeaiey, a oaeaea ii?aaeaeyao iai?aaeaiea
icaei?iaeoaeueiuo ia?ii?eyoee

Eaaeaeue ?acaeae aeaeaie/aneie ?aaiou aeinoaoi/ii neiaeai. Iai?eia?,
aii?in i aiaeiniaaaeaiee. Aiaea enoi/ieea aiaeiniaaaeaiey ai?iaea
aeieaeia ioaa/aoue ii?aaeaeaiiui o?aaiaaieyi ii naiei oece/aneei,
oeie/aneei, aaeoa?eieiae/aneei naienoaai. Iia aeieaeia auoue niaa?oaiii
i?ic?a/iie, aanoeaaoiie, aac caiaoa, eiaoue inaaaeathuee aeon, ia
niaea?aeaoue yaeiaeouo aauanoa, aieaciaoai?iuo iee?iaia e yeoe aeenoia,
ia oooaeoaoue ea/anoaa e onaiyaiinoe i?eaioiaeaiiie ia iae ieue e ia
aucuaaoue ii?/e i?aaeiaoia, n eioi?uie nii?eeanaaony. Ii iineieueeo a
i?e?iaea ii/oe ia ano?a/aaony iano, aaea aiaea ioaa/aea au anai yoei
o?aaiaaieyi, ia?aae iiaea/ae a aiaeii?iaiae aa niaoeeaeueiuie iaoiaeaie
i/euatho e iaacca?aaeeaatho. Aeaeaa, caiania aiaeu aeieaeii oaaoaoue
aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey ianoiyueo e ia?niaeoeaiuo iio?aaiinoae aeeoaeae
ai?iaea e i?iecaiaenoaa, a enoi/ieee aiaeiniaaaeaiey aeieaeiu naiui
ouaoaeueiui ia?acii io?aiyoueny io aiciiaeiiai caa?yciaiey e ca?aaeaiey.
I?e yoii ana eiie?aoiua naieoa?iua ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aeaeaia aeaao n o/aoii
iao/ii ?ac?aaioaiiuo e ooaa?aeaeaiiuo ainoaea?noaii noaiaea?oia (AINO).
Oaeeo AINOia nouanoaoao i/aiue iiiai, e a oeaeii iie ioaaouaatho ana
aa?eaiou ie?oaeathuae /aeiaaea n?aaeu, iniaaiiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa e o.
ae.

?acaeoea aeaeaie/aneeo ciaiee e eo cia/aiea.

Aeaeaian?aaieoaeueii iieiaeay iaoea, oioy aa enoiee ooiaeyo a aeoaieoth
noa?eio. Niaeanii enoi?e/aneei aeieoiaioai, oaea o ae?aaieo ia?iaeia
Eiaeee, Eeoay, Aaeioa nouanoaiaaee i?inoaeoea i?aaeea auai?a enoi/ieeia
aiaeiniaaaeaiey, ieoaiey, ooiaea ca oaeii, i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
eioaeoeeiiiuo aieaciae e o. ae. Iaeaieueoaai ?anoeaaoa aeaeaia (oioy e
ia eae niaoeeaeueiay iaoea, a eae iaai? i?aeoe/aneeo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee)
aeinoeaea a Ae?aaiai ?eia, eioi?ue n?aaee i?i/aai i?ineaaeeny naiei
aiaeii?iaiaeii e iauanoaaiiuie aaiyie. Oaea ca 600500 eao aei i. y. a
?eia auei nauoa 30 ioaeaeueiuo aiaeii?iaiaeia, eioi?ua a nooee noiia?ii
aeaaaee nauoa 1,5 iei. i3 ai?iie eeth/aaie aiaeu.

Aeaeaie/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee iinoiyiii iiyaeythony a aeecie ethaeae a
?acoeueoaoa iaaethaeaiee, iaiauaiey e ia?aaea/e iineaaeothuei iieieaieyi
aeeciaiiiai iiuoa, ioeaiee oiai, /oi a?aaeii eee iieacii aeey /aeiaaea a
ie?oaeathuae n?aaea. Aua aei ca?iaeaeaiey aeaeaiu eae naiinoiyoaeueiie
iaoee ethaee iao/eeenue i?aaeeueii auae?aoue ianoi aeey eieiaeoea,
i?aaeeueii oiieoue ia/e e o. ae. Eacaeinue au, i?inoie aii?in: eiaaea
neaaeoao cae?uaaoue ia/ue. iinea oiiee? Anee naeaeaoue yoi
i?aaeaeaa?aiaiii, iiaeii nia?oaeueii io?aaeoueny (oai?aoue) ieneaeii
oaea?iaea (II), eioi?ue yaeyaony i?iaeoeoii iaiieiiai nai?aiey oiieeaa;
anee naeaeaoue yoi neeoeii iicaeii, oaiei ec ia/e oeaeao a aoiinoa?o, i
oiiea aoaeao iayooaeoeaiie. Aeaeaie/aneee oa?aeoa? iineo e ecaanoiue
ia?iaeiue iau/ae ia aeaaaoue iieiaeiaeaiai ia naaaeueaa nie?oiiai, oae
eae aeeiaieue aoaeoaeueii io?aaeaaony ia iioiinoaa.

Ia ana iaaeaaii?eyoiua oaeoi?u n?aaeu ieacuaatho ia i?aaieci /aeiaaea
auno?ia aeaenoaea. Iai?ioea, aoaeoaeueiia aeeyiea iiiaeo ec ieo
iaeaieeaaaony iinoaiaiii, eniiaeaieue iiaeoa/eaay caei?iauea. E?iia
oiai, a oiaea ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa aicieeatho iiaua oaeoi?u, e
oa?aeoa? eo iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieaaoue naiaa?aiaiii, ii aiciiaeiinoe., aua
ia noaaeee i?iaeoe?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoey, o/eouaay ana aiciiaeiua
iineaaenoaey aeey caei?iauey /aeiaaea. Iiyoiio aeaeaiaia iaai? iieaciuo
?aeiiaiaeaoeee e i?aaee. Yoi naiinoiyoaeueiay iaoea, aii?oaeaiiay
nianoaaiiuie iaoiaeaie enneaaeiaaiee.

Aicieeiiaaiea e ?acaeoea aeaeaiu aeeeoiaaeinue iio?aaiinoyie iauanoaa,
yaeeinue ?acoeueoaoii aoiaiiiai ioiioaiey o/aiuo e caei?iaueth e
aeaaiiieo/eth ethaeae. Enoi?ey n?aaeieo aaeia ieacaeanue enoi?eae
ia?iiiuo yieaeaiee no?aoiuo aieaciae (/oia, /a?iay inia, neoeeen e
ae?.), i?eaaaeoeo e aeaaee iiiaea ieeeeiiu ethaeae, e auie?aieth
ianaeaiey oeaeuo iaeanoae. Eae aea ai?ieenue n yoeie aieaciyie? A?a/e
ouaoii eneaee aeeciaiiue yeeene? eae oieaa?naeueiia n?aaenoai io anao
aieaciae, i?i/ea a?aaeaeaia oneeaiii iieeeenue, niaa?oaee iaeiiie/anoaa
e nayoui ianoai. E ana yoi i?ienoiaeeei ia oiia ionoonoaey aeaaea
neaaeia naieoa?iie eoeueoo?u e eaeeo-eeai naieoa?ii-oaoie/aneeo
nii?oaeaiee. Aeinoaoi/ii neacaoue, /oi a n?aaeiaaaeiauo ai?iaeao
ia/enoiou aueeaaeenue i?yii ia oeeoeo, aiaeiniaaaeaiey e eaiaeecaoeee ia
auei.

Iaeiaei a?aae aioenaieoa?iiai ninoiyiey ai?iaeia e aeeeeu, aeeciaiiiai
oeeaaea a?aaeaeai aue ianoieueei i/aaeaeai, a iianiinoue oyaeaeuo
yieaeaie/aneeo caaieaaaiee noieue aaeeea, /oi a aa?iiaeneeo
ainoaea?noaao ia/aee iiyaeyoueny ia?aua ca/aoee iauanoaaiiiai
cae?aaiio?aiaiey. A XVIXVII aa. ia/aee i/euaoue ai?iaea io ioni?a e
ia/enoio, caoai noaee no?ieoue o?iooa?u, inaauaoue oeeoeu e o. ae. A yoi
aea a?aiy noaee iiyaeyoueny e iao/iua ni/eiaiey aeaeaie/aneiai
oa?aeoa?a, oioy ia?aua o?aeoaou ii aeaeaia nicaeae aua aaeeeee o/aiue e
a?a/ Ae?aaiae A?aoeee Aeiiie?ao (460377 aei i. y.) (I caei?iaii ia?aca
aeecie, I aiaeao, aicaeooa e ianoiinoyo e ae?.). A ieo ii io?eoeae
naa?ouanoanoaaiiua i?e/eiu eee aiaeanoaaiiia i?ienoiaeaeaiea aieaciae,
i?aaeeueii ioeaieaae aeeyiea ia caei?iauea /aeiaaea oaeeo oaeoi?ia, eae
eeeiao, iiaiaea, ninoiyiea ii/au, aiaeu, iniaaiiinoe ieoaiey, ia?aca
aeecie e i?eau/ae, ecauoie eee iaaeinoaoie oece/aneeo oi?aaeiaiee e o.
ae., a oaeaea e caeiiu no?aiu e oi?iu ainoaea?noaaiiiai ono?ienoaa.
Iineaaeiaa i/aiue aaaeii, oae eae aeaeaia iaoea, ?aeiiaiaeaoeee eioi?ie
eiatho iauanoaaiiia cia/aiea, auiieiaiea eo naiui iaiin?aaenoaaiiui
ia?acii io?aaeaaony ia caei?iauea e aeaaiiieo/ee ia oieueei ioaeaeueiuo
a?aaeaeai, ii e anaai iauanoaa a oeaeii.

Nia/aea aeaeaia auea iaaethaeaoaeueiie e iienaoaeueiie iaoeie. Caoai a
iae noaee i?eiaiyoueny iaoiaeu iaoaiaoe/aneie noaoenoeee. E iaeiiaoe,
iia i?aa?aoeeanue a yenia?eiaioaeueioth iaoeo. Yoiio niinianoaiaaei
eniieueciaaiea aeaeaiie iaoiaeia ae?oaeo iaoe, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
oeceee, oeiee, iee?iaeieiaee, yieaeaieieiaee, oieneeieiaee, ?aaeeieiaee.
Ni a?aiaiai aeaeaia noaea niiniaiie ia oieueei iao/ii ioeaieaaoue oa eee
eiua oneiaey aeecie, aeaenoaea ia i?aaieci /aeiaaea oao eee eiuo
oaeoi?ia, ii e au?aaaouaaoue e i?iaa?youe ia i?aeoeea ?acee/iua
?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth oneiaee o?oaea e auoa, io?aia e
oe?aieaieth caei?iauey ethaeae. E?oiiuie o/aiuie-aeaeaienoaie auee
iniiaiiieiaeieee aeaeaiu a ?innee A. I. Aeia?ineaaei (18421889) e O. O.
Y?eniai (18421915). A. I. Aeia?ineaaei i?aaieciaae i?e
Aiaiii-iaaeeoeeineie aeaaeaiee a Iaoa?ao?aa aia?aua a ?innee eaoaae?o
aeaeaiu e yenia?eiaioaeueioth aeaeaie/aneoth eaai?aoi?eth, aue
?aaeaeoi?ii ia?aiai aeaeaie/aneiai aeo?iaea Caei?iauea e i?aaiecaoi?ii
Iauanoaa io?aiaiey ia?iaeiiai cae?aaey. O. O. Y?eniai i?aaieciaae
eaoaae?o aeaeaiu i?e Iineianeii oieaa?neoaoa e i?e iae ai?iaeneoth
naieoa?ioth noaioeeth (ia aa aaca aiineaaenoaee aiciee
Iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneee einoeooo aeaeaiu, iinyuee aai eiy).
Aeaaiaea?y aeayoaeueiinoe yoeo oaeaioeeauo o/aiuo a ?innee auea nicaeaia
ioa/anoaaiiay iao/iay oeiea aeaeaienoia, a oaeaea iiaeaioiaeaii aieueoia
/enei i?aeoeeianaieoa?iuo a?a/ae.

Cia/eoaeueiiai ?anoeaaoa aeaeaia aeinoeaea a iaoe aeie. A ianoiyuaa
a?aiy a no?aia nouanoaoao oeaeay nenoaia aeaeaie/aneeo o/?aaeaeaiee
?aciiai oeia: iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneea einoeooou,
naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneea eaai?aoi?ee, naieoa?ii-yieaeaieieiae/aneea
noaioeee. Aiaae?aiea a aeeciue aeaeaie/aneeo o?aaiaaiee inouanoaeyaony
iooai naieoa?iiai, o. a. iai?aaeaiiiai ia icaei?iaeaiea
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, naieoa?iiai iaaeci?a, naieoa?iiai i?inaauaiey.
Naieoa?iia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai i?aaeoniao?eaaao i?iaaaeaiea ?acee/iuo
ia?ii?eyoee n o/aoii naieoa?iuo ii?i e i?aaee, o?aaiaaiee
ainoaea?noaaiiuo noaiaea?oia, no?ieoaeueiuo ii?i e i?aaee e o. ae.
Oeaeueth naieoa?iiai iaaeci?a yaeyaony i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea ia?ooaiee
o?aaiaaiee aeaeaiu i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee e no?ieoaeuenoaa iiauo ai?iaeia,
i?iiuoeaiiuo e aeeeuo caeaiee, eiio?ieue ca ?ac?aaioeie iiauo ieuaauo
i?iaeoeoia, iaoa?eaeia e o. ae. (i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiue naieoa?iue
iaaeci?), a oaeaea iaaethaeaiea ca auiieiaieai naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneeo
ii?i e i?aaee i?e i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoia, i?e yenieoaoaoeee
iino?iaiiuo iauaeoia (oaeouee naieoa?iue iaaeci?). Naieoa?iia
i?inaauaiea niinianoaoao ?ani?ino?aiaieth naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneeo ciaiee
n?aaee a?aaeaeai, iauanoaaiiiio eiio?ieth ca i?iaaaeaieai naieoa?iuo
ia?ii?eyoee. Ii naiae i?e?iaea aeaeaia iaoea i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiay,
aeaaiay aa caaea/a i?aaeioa?aoeoue a?aaeiia aeeyiea ia i?aaieci
/aeiaaea eaeeo-eeai iaaeaaii?eyoiuo oaeoi?ia.

Aaaeiui ?acaeaeii aeaeaie/aneie ?aaiou yaeyaony aeeniaina?ecaoeey. Oae
iacuaaaony aeoeaiia iaaethaeaiea iaaeeoeeineeo ?aaioieeia ca caei?iaueai
?acee/iuo a?oii i?aeoe/anee caei?iauo ethaeae n oeaeueth
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey eee naiaa?aiaiiiai auyaeaiey o ieo caaieaaaiee e
iai?aaeaiey eo a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe ia ea/aiea, ia aeiaeeaeaynue,
iiea /aeiaae ii/oanoaoao naay aieueiui e ia?aoeony ca iaaeeoeeineie
iiiiuueth. A /anoiinoe, aeeniaina?ecaoeey i?iaiaeeony n?aaee aeaoae,
aioiayueony e iinooieaieth a oeieo. I?ioeeaeoe/aneee iniio? aeaoae
?acee/iuie niaoeeaeenoaie iaaeeao?aie, ieoeenoaie, ioiea?eiaieiaaie,
ineoiiaa?ieiaaie e ae?oaeie a?a/aie i?iaiaeeony aeey oiai, /oiau
naiaa?aiaiii auyaeoue aiciiaeiua ioeeiiaiey a ninoiyiee caei?iauey
aeaoae e e iiiaioo iinooieaiey a oeieo iieiinoueth eo auea/eoue, eia/a
iacaei?iauea iiiaoaao ei oniaoii o/eoueny.

Ainoaea?noai caaioeony i caei?iauea a?aaeaeai, i nicaeaiee iaeeo/oeo
oneiaee aeey eo aeecie, o?oaea, auoa. Iiae/a?eeaaaony, /oi aa?aaeiia
ioiioaiea e naiaio caei?iaueth e caei?iaueth ae?oaeo /eaiia iauanoaa
yaeyaony iaycaiiinoueth eaaeaeiai a?aaeaeaieia iaoae no?aiu. E yoi
niaa?oaiii ni?aaaaeeeai. Aeaei a oii, /oi nicaeaaaaiua ainoaea?noaii
aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey aeecie ethaeae naie ii naaa aua ia iiaoo
iaania/eoue aunieiai o?iaiy eo caei?iauey. Aaaeii oi, eae naie
a?aaeaeaia ioiinyony e naiaio caei?iaueth, iaeaaeatho ee iie naieoa?iie
eoeueoo?ie, iaiaoiaeeiuie aeaeaie/aneeie iaaueaie. *oi ec oiai,
iai?eia?, /oi /aeiaae ?aaioaao a /enoii, oi?ioi aaioeee?oaiii e oi?ioi
inaauaiiii iiiauaiee, /oi ia yoii i?aaei?eyoee i?aaeeueii i?aaieciaaii
ieoaiea ?aaioathueo e o. ae., anee yoio /aeiaae ia n/eoaao iaiaoiaeeiui
/enoeoue coau, neaaeeoue ca /enoioie oaea e iaeaaeaeu, niaethaeaoue
i?aaeeueiue ?aaeei o?oaea e ioaeuoa, ecaaaaoue oaeeo a?aaeiuo aauanoa,
eae aeeiaieue e ieeioei.

Ioeaieoue oa?aeoa? aeeyiey, noaiaiue a?aaea eee iieuecu aeey /aeiaaea
oao eee eiuo oaeoi?ia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, oao eee eiuo iniaaiiinoae aai
iiaaaeaiey, ia?aca aeecie iiaeii eeoue i?e oneiaee oi?ioaai ciaiey
iniaaiiinoae i?aaiecia. ss oaea aiai?ee i oii, /oi aeaeaia eniieuecoao
iaoiaeu ?acee/iuo iaoeoeceee, oeiee, iee?iaeieiaee, yieaeaieieiaee, a
oaeaea iaoaiaoe/aneie noaoenoeee. Aeaeaia iieuecoaony yoeie iaoa?eaeaie
a i?aia?aciaaiiii aeaea, ioeaieaay eo n oi/ee c?aiey oiai, ianeieueei
aeaiiua naaaeaiey niinianoaotho ?aoaieth nianoaaiiuo caaea/ aeaeaiu
nicaeaieth oaeeo oneiaee aeey aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea, eioi?ua a
iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiie noaiaie iaania/eaaee au nio?aiaiea i oe?aieaiea
aai caei?iauey, iiaeaea?aeaiea aunieie ?aaioiniiniaiinoe. Iniaaiii
aeecee aeaeaia aeaa ae?oaea iaoee i /aeiaaeaaiaoiiey e oeceieiaey.
Aiaoiiey eco/aao no?iaiea e oi?io oaea, ioaeaeueiuo i?aaiia e oeaiae;
oeceieiaeyaeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecia a oeaeii, a oaeaea ioaeaeueiuo
i?aaiia e eo nenoai. I?e yoii naaaeaiey, aeiauaaaiua ?acee/iuie ae?oaeie
iaoeaie, aeaeaienou ioeaieaatho a naaoa ciaiee i /aeiaaea, iieo/aaiuo
aiaoiieae e oeceieiaeae.

Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.

1. Iauay aeaeaia, iiae ?aae. A.E. ?oiyioeaaa, I.I. Ai?iioeiaa, I., 1990.

2. A.A. O?eieiaa, Ae.A. Eieania, Aeaeaia e caei?iauea oeieueieea, I.,
1988.

3. E.Ae. Caa?aa, Eieaa aeey /oaiey ii aiaoiiee, oeceieiaee e aeaeaia
/aeiaaea, I.,1983

4. A.I. A?oiiao, Iaoiaeeea iao/aiey aiaoiiee, oeceieiaee e aeaeaia
/aeiaaea, I., 1973.

5. Aiia Eaneoea, o?iee e?aniou, Ieine, 1995

6. A.A. Ieio, Iauay aeaeaia., I., 1984.